Neck Pain

1. Pain in the neck

Cervical Sprain/Strain

References:
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4. Zmurko MG et al. Clin Sports Med 22 (2003) 513–521
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7. www. mdguidelines.com/sprains-and-strains-cervical-spine-neck. September 2013
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9. Hunter, Oregon K. “Cervical Sprain and Strain.” eMedicine. Eds. Martin K. Childers, et al. 29 May. 2008. Medscape. 18 Mar. 2009
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11. Hogg-Johnson S, van der Velde G, Carroll LJ, Holm LW, Cassidy JD, Guzman J, Côté P, Haldeman S, Ammendolia C, Carragee E, Hurwitz E, Nordin M, Peloso PM (2008) The burden and determinants of neck pain in the general population: results of the Bone and Joint Decade 2000–2010 Task Force on Neck Pain. Spine 33(Suppl):S39–S51
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13. Dufton JA et al, (2006) Prognostic factors associated with minimal improvement following acute whiplash associated disorders. Spine 31:E759-65
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15. Childs, JA et al. Clinical Practice Guidelines Linked to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health From the Orthopaedic Section of the American Physical Therapy AssociationJ Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2008;38(9):A1-A34.
16. Zmurko MG, et al. Cervical sprains, disc herniations, minor fractures, and other cervical injuries in the athlete Clin Sports Med 22 (2003) 513–521
17. Stiell IG, Wells GA, The Canadian C-Spine Rule for Radiography in Alert and Stable Trauma Patients JAMA October 17, 2001, Vol 286, No. 15
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19. White 3rd AA, Panjabi MM, Posner I, et al. Spinal stability: evaluation and treatment.
20. Garrett Jr WE. Muscle strain injuries. Am J Sports Med 1996;24(6S):S2–8.
21. Croft PR, Lewis M, Papageorgiou AC, et al. Risk factors for neck pain: a longitudinal study in the general population. Pain. Sep 2001;93(3):317-25
22. Mankin HI. Clinical features of osteoarthritis In: Textbook of rheumatology, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1989:1480-1500.
23. Jarvinen TA, Kaariainen M, Jarvinen M, et al. Muscle strain injuries. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2000;12:155–61
24. Verhagen, A. P., et al. “Conservative Treatments for Whiplash.” Cochrane Database System Review 1 (2004): CD003338. National Center for Biotechnology Information. National Library of Medicine. 18 Mar. 2009
25. Hurwitz EL, Aker PD, Adams AH, et al. Manipulation and mobilization of the cervical spine. A systematic review of the literature. Spine. Aug 1 1996;21(15):1746-59; discussion 1759-60
27. Chiu TT, Lam TH, Hedley AJ. A randomized controlled trial on the efficacy of exercise for patients with chronic neck pain. Spine. Jan 1 2005;30(1):E1-7.
28. Weinhardt, C., and K. D. Heller. “A Systematic of the Value of Physical Therapy in Whiplash Neck Injury.” Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb. 140 5 (2002): 499-502. National Center for Biotechnology Information. National Library of Medicine. 18 Feb. 2009
29. Bogduk, N.; Marsland, A. “The Cervical Zygapophysial Joints as a Source of Neck Pain,” Spine 13:610, 1988
30. Herkowitz HN, Rothman RH. Subacute instability of the cervical spine. Spine 1984;9(4): 348 – 57.

2. Neck pain spreading into back of your head

Cervicogenic Headache

References:
1. Stovner L., et al. , The global burden of headache: a documentation of headache prevalence and disability worldwide. Cephalalgia, 2007. 27(3): p. 193–210
2. Bogduk N. The anatomical basis for cervicogenic headache. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1992;15:67-70
3. van Suijlekom HA, Lame I, Stomp-van den Berg SG, Kessels AG, Weber WE. Quality of life of patients with cervicogenic headache: a comparison with control subjects and patients with migraine or tension-type headache.Headache . 2003;43:1034-1041.
4. Treleaven J., Jull G., Atkinson L., Cervical musculoskeletal dysfunction in post-concussional headache. Cephalalgia, 1994. 14(4): p. 273–9; discussion 257.
5. Antonaci F., Sjaastad O., Cervicogenic headache: a real headache. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep, 2011. 11(2): p. 149–55.
6. The Cervicogenic Headache International Study Group Diagnostic Criteria. (Modified from Biondi DM: Cervicogenic headache: mechanisms, evaluation, and treatment strategies. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2000;100(9 Suppl):S7-14. Source: Sjaastad 0, Fredriksen TA, Pfaffenrath V. Cervicogenic headache: diagnostic criteria. Headache. 1998;38:442-445.)
7. Hall T, Robinson K. The flexion-rotation test and active cervical mobility—a comparative measurement study in cervicogenic headache. Man Ther. 2004;9:197-202.
8. Page P., Frank C.C., Lardner R., Assessment and treatment of muscle imbalance: The Janda Approach 2010, Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
9. Falla D.L., Jull G.A., Hodges P.W., Patients with neck pain demonstrate reduced electromyographic activity of the deep cervical flexor muscles during performance of the craniocervical flexion test. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2004. 29(19): p. 2108–14
10. Rifat S.F., Moeller J.L., Diagnosis and management of headache in the weight-lifting athlete. Curr Sports Med Rep, 2003. 2(5): p. 272–5.
11. Hall T.M., et al. , Comparative analysis and diagnostic accuracy of the cervical flexion-rotation test. J Headache Pain, 2010. 11(5): p. 391–7
12. Coskun O, Ucler S, Karakurum B, Atasoy HT, Yildirum T, Ozkan S, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of patients with cervicogenic headache. Cephalalgia. 2003;23:842-845.
13. Hall T., et al. , Reliability of manual examination and frequency of symptomatic cervical motion segment dysfunction in cervicogenic headache. Man Ther, 2010. 15(6): p. 542–6
14. Hong J.P., et al. , Clinical assessment of patients with cervicogenic headache: a preliminary study. Chang Gung Med J, 2010. 33(1): p. 58–66.
15. Jaeger B., Are “cervicogenic” headaches due to myofascial pain and cervical spine dysfunction? Cephalalgia, 1989. 9(3): p. 157–64.
17. Bansevicius D., Sjaastad O., Cervicogenic headache: the influence of mental load on pain level and EMG of shoulder-neck and facial muscles. Headache, 1996. 36(6): p. 372–8
18. Fredriksen TA, Fougner R, Tangerud A, Sjaastad O. Cervicogenic headache: radiological investigations concerning headneck. Cephalalgia. 1989;9:139-146.
19. Biondi, DM. Cervicogenic Headache: A Review of Diagnostic and Treatment Strategies. J Am Osteopath Assoc April 1, 2005 vol. 105 no. 4 suppl 16S-22S ?
20. Haas M., et al. , Dose response for chiropractic care of chronic cervicogenic headache and associated neck pain: a randomized pilot study. J Manipulative Physiol Ther, 2004. 27(9): p. 547–53.
21. Koes, BW, Bouter LM, et al. “Randomised Clinical Trial of Manipulative Therapy and Physiotherapy for Persistent Back and Neck Complaints: Results of One Year Follow Up.” British Medical Journal, Volume 304, Number 6827, March 7, 1992, Pages 601-605.
22. Boline PD, Kassak K, et al. “Spinal Manipulation vs. Amitriptyline for the Treatment of Chronic Tension-type Headaches: A Randomized Clinical Trial.” Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, Volume 18, Number 3, March/April 1995, Pages 148-154.
23. Nilsson N., A randomized controlled trial of the effect of spinal manipulation in the treatment of cervicogenic headache. J Manipulative Physiol Ther, 1995. 18(7): p. 435–40,
24. Schoensee S.K., et al. , The effect of mobilization on cervical headaches. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 1995. 21(4): p. 184–96,
25. Nilsson N., Christensen H.W., Hartvigsen J., The effect of spinal manipulation in the treatment of cervicogenic headache. J Manipulative Physiol Ther, 1997. 20(5): p. 326–30.
26. Gross A., et al. , Manipulation or mobilisation for neck pain: a Cochrane Review. Man Ther, 2010. 15(4): p. 315–33.
27. Biondi D. Physical treatments for headache: a structured review. Headache. 2005;45:1-9
28. Jull G, Trott P, Potter H, Zito G, Niere K, Shirley D, et al. A randomized controlled trial of exercise and manipulative therapy for cervicogenic headache. Spine. 2002;27:1835-1843.
29. Andersen L.L., et al. , Effect of brief daily exercise on headache among adults – secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Scand J Work Environ Health, 2011.
30. Ylinen J., Physical exercises and functional rehabilitation for the management of chronic neck pain. Eura Medicophys, 2007. 43(1): p. 119–32.
31. Randlov A., et al. , Intensive dynamic training for females with chronic neck/shoulder pain. A randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil, 1998. 12(3): p. 200–10
33. van Ettekoven H., Lucas C., Efficacy of physiotherapy including a craniocervical training programme for tension-type headache; a randomized clinical trial. Cephalalgia, 2006. 26(8): p. 983–91
34. Bogduk N., Govind J., Cervicogenic headache: an assessment of the evidence on clinical diagnosis, invasive tests, and treatment. Lancet Neurol, 2009. 8(10): p. 959–68.
35. McCrory, Penzlen, Hasselblad, Gray. Duke Evidence Report (2001)
36. Racicki, S, Gerwin, S, DiClaudio, S, Reinmann, S, Donaldson, M. Conservative physical therapy management for the treatment of cervicogenic headache: a systematic review. JMPT Vol 21, Number 2, 2013 pp.113-124.
37. Domenech MA, Sizer PS, Dedrick GS, McGalliard MK, Brismee JM. “The Deep Neck Flexor Endurance Test: normative data scores in healthy adults.” PM R. 2011 Feb. Web. 08/18/2012.
38. Harris KD, Heer DM, Roy TC, Santos DM, Whitman JM, Wainner RS. “Reliability of a measurement of neck flexor muscle endurance.” Physical Therapy 2005 Dec. Web. 08/18/2012.
39. Ashkenazi A. et al. Peripheral Nerve Blocks and Trigger Point Injections in Headache Management – A Systematic Review and Suggestions for Future Research. Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain. Volume 50, Issue 6, pages 943–952, June 2010
40. Blumenfeld A. et al. Expert Consensus Recommendations for the Performance of Peripheral Nerve Blocks for Headaches – A Narrative Review. Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain Volume 53, Issue 3, pages 437–446, March 2013
41. Liebenson C. Janda’s DNF Test & Neck “Packing”. www.craigliebenson.com/jandas-dnf-test/. Published 11/11/2011. Accessed 6/24/14
42. Espí-López Gemma V., Gómez-Conesa Antonia.
Efficacy of Manual and Manipulative Therapy in the Perception of Pain and Cervical Motion in Patients With Tension-Type Headache: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine Volume 13, Issue 1, p1-80 March 2014

3. Neck pain spreading into your shoulders and arms

Cervical Disc Lesion

References:
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2. Yeung JT, Johnson JI, Karim AS, Cervical disc herniation presenting with neck pain and contralateral symptoms: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2012; 6: 166.
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4. Healy JF, Healy BB, Wong WHM, Olson EM. Cervical and lumbar MRI in asymptomatic older male lifelong athletes: frequency of degenerative findings. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1996;20:107-12
5. Anaka Y, Kokubun S, Sato T, et al. Cervical roots as origin of pain in the neck or scapular regions. Spine. Aug 1 2006;31(17):E568-73.
6. Bogduk N, Twomey LT. Clinical Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Churchill Livingston; 1991.
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10. David F. Fardon, MD Nomenclature and Classification of Lumbar Disc Pathology SPINE Volume 26, Number 5, pp E93–E113
11. Radhakrishnan K, Litchy WJ, O’Fallon WM, Kurland LT, Kurland LT. Epidemiology of cervical radiculopathy. A population-based study from Rochester, Minnesota, 1976 through 1990. Brain 1994;117:325-35.
12. Murphy DR. Herniated disc with radiculopathy following cervical manipulation: nonsurgical management. Spine J 2006; 6:459-63.
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15. Wainner RS, Fritz JM, Irrgang JJ, Boninger ML, Delitto A, Allison S. Reliability and diagnostic accuracy of the clinical examination and patient self-report measures for cervical radiculopathy. Spine 2003;28:52-62
16. Kramer J. Intervertebral Disk Diseases. Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prophylaxis. George Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart Year Book, Medical Publishers Inc; 1981.
17. Grubb, SA, Kelly, CK. Cervical discography: Clinical implications from 12 years of experience. Spine 2000: 25 (11): 1382-1389.
18. Cloward RB. Cervical diskography. A contribution to the etiology and mechanism of neck, shoulder and arm pain. Ann Surg. Dec 1959;150:1052-64.
19. Viikari-Juntura E, Porras M, Laasonen EM. Validity of clinical tests in the diagnosis of root compression in cervical disc disease. Spine. Mar 1989;14(3):253-7
20. Craig Liebenson DC, Functional reactivation for neck pain patients. Journal of Bodywork and MovementTherapies (2002) 6(1), 59^66
21. Liebenson C. Self-treatment of Mid-thoracic Dysfunction: a Key Link in the Body Axis. Part I: Overview and Assessment. J of Bodywork and Movement Therapy 2001, 5:90-98
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Herniated cervical intervertebral discs with radiculopathy: an outcome study of conservatively or surgically treated patients. J Spinal Disord. 1999 Oct;12(5):396-401.
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40. Cynthia K. Peterson, Christof Schmid, Serafin Leemann, Bernard Anklin, B. Kim Humphreys. Outcomes From Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Confirmed Symptomatic Cervical Disc Herniation Patients Treated With High-Velocity, Low-Amplitude Spinal Manipulative Therapy: A Prospective Cohort Study With 3-Month Follow-Up. JMPT Volume 36, Issue 8 , Pages 461-467, October 2013
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4. Pain spreading down between your shoulder blades

Cervical Segmental Joint Restriction

References:
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